制冷剂的种类和编号
一、制冷剂的种类X
根据制冷剂的分子结构，可将制冷剂分为无机化合物和有机化合物两大类；*@6r"Xq(Pph b:g
根据制冷剂的组成可分为单一制冷剂和混合制冷剂；3pR9l:p0icpnKx
根据制冷剂的物理性质，可将制冷剂分为高温（低压）、中温（中压）、低温（高压）制冷剂。)H/Q I)?"F H
二、制冷剂的编号
我国国家标准GB7778—1987规定了各种通用制冷剂的简单编号方法，以代替其化学名称、分子式或商品名称。这个国家标准主要等效采用美国ANSI/ASHRAE34标准。标准中规定用字母R和它后面的一组数字及字母作为制冷剂的简写编号。字母作为制冷剂的代号，后面的数字或字母则根据制冷剂的种类及分子组成按一定的规则编写。
2.1、无机化合物_ I2^s’S7K
属于无机化合物的制冷剂有水、氨、二氧化碳、二氧化硫等。无机化合物用序号700表示，化合物的相对分子质量（取整数部分）加上700就得出其制冷剂的编号。
例：氨的相对分子质量为17，其编号为R717。二氧化碳和水的编号分别为R744和R718。?5?.rZ2j{ H Ss!o
2.2、卤代烃
卤代烃是饱和碳氢化合物的氟、氯、澳的衍生物的总称。目前用作制冷剂的主要是甲烷、乙烷、丙烷和环丁烷系的衍生物。
饱和碳氢化合物的分子通式为CmH2m+2。卤代烃的分子通式为CmHnFpCLqBrr，其原子数m、n、p、q、r之间的关系式为2m＋2＝n＋p＋q＋r EN Q [ G+_9E,G
卤代烃制冷剂的代号R后面的第一位数字表示卤代烃分子式中碳原子数目减去1（即m-1），若碳原子数目为1，则m-1=0，可以不写。R后面的第二位数字表示卤代烃分子式中氢原子数目n加上1（即n＋l）。R后面的第三位数字表示卤代烃分子式中氟原子数目p。例如二氟二氯甲烷分子式为CF2CL2，编号为R12。四氟乙烷的分子式为C2H2F4，编号为R134。c^p7Io8lh$jD4~
若卤代烃分子式中有溴（Br）原子，则最后增加字母B，之后附以溴原子数目r。例如三氟-溴甲烷的分子式为CF3Br，编号为R13B1。
环状衍生物的编号规则与卤代烃相同，只在字母R后加一个字母C。例如八氟环丁烷分子式为C4F8，编号为RC318。
乙烷系制冷剂的同分异构体具有相同的编号，但最对称的一种制冷剂的编号后面不带任何字母，而随着同分异构体变得愈来愈不对称时，就附加小写a、b、c等字母。例如二氟乙烷分子式为CH2FCH2F，编号为R152；它的同分异构体分子式为CHF2CH3，编号为R152a。a}.sv"b/n-H J Oh,S
2.3、碳氢化合物
这类制冷剂主要有饱和碳氢化合物和非饱和碳氢化合物。
饱和碳氢化合物制冷剂中甲烷、乙烷、丙烷的编号方法与卤代烃相同。例如乙烷的分子式为C2H6，编号为R170。丁烷编号特殊，正丁烷的编号为R600，异丁烷的编号为R600a。O/z7R1B}%ecI3Kx
非饱和碳氢化合物制冷剂主要有乙烯、丙烯等烯烃。它们的编号规则中，字母R后面的第一位数字定为1，接着的数字编制与卤代烃相同。例如乙烯、丙烯的分子式分别为C2H4、C3H6，编号分别为R1150、R1270。非饱和卤代碳氢化合物的编号方法与此相同。
2.4、混合制冷剂
这类制冷剂包括共沸制冷剂和非共沸制冷剂。
已经商品化的共沸制冷剂，依应用先后在R500序号中顺次地规定其编号。例如已命名共沸制冷剂R500和R502的组成（质量分数）如下： R500——R12／R152（73.8／26.2），R502——R22／R115（48.8／51.2）。)l:w x#I [_’ZW%A a
已经商品化的非共沸制冷剂，依应用先后，在R400序号中顺次地规定其编号。混合制冷剂的组分相同，比例不同，编号数字后接大写A、B、C等字母加以区别。例如非共沸制冷剂R404A和R407C的组成分别如下：R404A——R125／R143a/Rl34a（44.0/52/4.0）， R407C——R32/R125/R134a（23.0/25.0/52.0）。Q Q1y)m[(R
2.5、其他各种有机化合物
规定按600序号编号，其编号是任选的。
3近来，常常根据制冷剂的化学组成来表示制冷剂的种类。不含氢的卤代烃称为氯氟化碳，1vs+N:w Uy L.})K}
写成CFC；含氢的卤代烃称为氢氯氟化碳，写成HCFC；不含氯的卤代烃称为氢氟化碳，写成HFC；碳氢化合物写成HC。在CFC、HCFC、HFC、HC等后面接数字或字母的编制方法，同国家标准GB7778—1987规定一致。如 R12属氯氟化碳化合物，表示成 CFC12； R22、 R134a、R170分别表示成HCF22、IIFC134a、HC170。
3,118 responses to "制冷剂的种类和编号"
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